When we think of flood damage, we often think of physical damages to property - malfunctioning elevators and electrical equipment, entryways and parking garages full of water, cars submerged - the list goes on. However, some of the most dangerous damage goes far beyond property damage.
As floodwaters recede, the health risks linger, often posing significant risks to communities long after the water is gone. From contaminated water to mold growth, the aftermath of flooding can create hazardous conditions that lead to serious health complications.
Waterborne Diseases From Flooding
Floodwaters often mix with sewage and chemicals, creating a toxic cocktail that can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases. These diseases can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated water, consumption of contaminated food, or exposure to objects that have been in contact with floodwaters.
Common waterborne illnesses after flooding include:
- Cholera - Caused by bacteria present in contaminated water or food.
- Leptospirosis - Spread through contact with water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals.
- Hepatitis A - A viral infection transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated food or water.
Waterborne diseases are more likely to occur in regions with poor sanitation, tropical and subtropical regions, and urban slums.
Floodwaters Can Lead to Mold Exposure and Respiratory Issues
Flooded homes and buildings become breeding grounds for mold, which thrives in moist environments. Mold spores can spread quickly, contaminating air quality and leading to respiratory problems, especially in individuals with allergies, asthma, or weakened immune systems.
The symptoms of mold exposure include:
- Persistent coughing and wheezing
- Eye, nose, and throat irritation
- Skin rashes
- Severe respiratory issues, especially for people with pre-existing conditions
To minimize exposure, proper cleanup efforts must be taken, such as removing water-damaged materials and using dehumidifiers to dry out spaces thoroughly. This is why it’s important to get professional cleanup after a flood.
Experts have the necessary equipment and expertise to ensure that all contaminants are safely removed, preventing the growth of mold.
The Risk of Vector-Borne Diseases Increase With Flooding
A vector-borne disease is an illness caused by pathogens and parasites transmitted to humans or animals through the bite of infected vectors, such as mosquitos, ticks, fleas, or other blood-feeding vectors.
Floods create ideal conditions for the breeding of mosquitoes and other pests. Stagnant water provides a perfect environment for mosquito larvae, increasing the risk of diseases like:
- Lyme disease
- Malaria
- Dengue fever
- Zika virus
These diseases can lead to severe symptoms such as high fever, body aches, and even death in extreme cases.
The Mental Health Impact of Flooding
The emotional toll of a flood disaster can be just as significant as the physical health risks. Survivors often experience high levels of stress, anxiety, and depression, particularly those who have lost homes, livelihoods, or loved ones. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is also common in flood survivors.
Support systems and mental health services are critical in helping individuals cope with the aftermath, but many communities lack adequate resources for recovery. Long-term psychological care is often necessary for those impacted by such traumatic events.
Floodwaters Carry Chemical Hazards
Floodwaters can also carry harmful chemicals from industrial sites, agricultural areas, or household hazardous materials like paint, cleaning products, and fuel. These chemicals can pose both short-term and long-term health risks, such as skin irritation, poisoning, or chronic illnesses from prolonged exposure.
Chemical hazards from floodwaters are a higher risk in:
- Industrial zones
- Agricultural areas
- Urban areas
- Landfills and waste disposal sites
- Mining areas
These areas pose significant risks to public health and the environment when floodwaters interact with chemical contaminants, making proper flood response and containment essential.
Important Steps to Protect the Public’s Health After a Flood
After a flood, it’s tempting to enter your property to take a closer look at the damage. However, to minimize the risk of health complications after a flood, it’s essential to take proper safety measures, including:
- Avoiding direct contact with flood water whenever possible
- Using protective gear, such as gloves and boots, during cleanup efforts
- Drinking bottled or boiled water until authorities declare the water supply safe
- Thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting all surfaces and belongings that have been in contact with floodwater
- Seeking medical attention for any injuries, rashes, or symptoms of illness
Remember, just because the flood is over doesn’t mean that the risks and hazards are gone. In fact, the longer floodwaters remain in an area, the greater the risk to health and property. Stagnant water creates the perfect breeding ground for bacteria.
Prevention is Key in Protecting the Community From Flood-Related Health Risks
With flood protection, prevention is key to minimizing the risk of flood-related illness and disease. By implementing proactive measures such as flood panels, proper drainage systems, and other flood proofing efforts, communities can reduce the likelihood of water contamination and exposure to harmful bacteria, chemicals, and mold.
Investing in flood prevention products safeguards public health, ensuring that residents are less likely to face the serious risks that can follow flood events. For more resources on flood preparedness and recovery, contact Flood Risk America, where we specialize in effective flood mitigation products.